Which of the following is NOT a primary characteristic of systems?

The characteristic that is not a primary feature of systems is that they operate without a specific objective. In the context of systems theory, systems are designed to achieve specific objectives or goals by integrating various components and subsystems to work harmoniously. This focus on purpose is crucial; systems are formed to address particular needs or solve certain problems.

For example, an organization is a system made up of various departments (subsystems) working together toward common goals such as improving efficiency or enhancing public safety. If a system operated without any specific objective, it would lack direction and coherence, undermining its ability to function effectively or achieve its intended results.

On the contrary, systems are typically characterized by their structured organization, where subsystems interact and operate under defined rules and purposes. This ensures that all components contribute towards the overarching objectives of the system, reinforcing the importance of having a clear goal.