What appraisal method uses those ranked as high performers against those ranked as low performers?

The method that utilizes a comparison of high performers against low performers is the Forced Distribution method. This approach requires supervisors to categorize employees into predefined performance categories, typically creating a bell curve distribution. By doing so, it helps to ensure that a certain percentage of employees are classified as top performers, while others are rated as average or below average.

Using Forced Distribution can mitigate the tendency to rate all employees favorably, thereby providing a more accurate picture of each individual's performance relative to their peers. This structured approach not only assists in identifying top talent but also helps organizations make informed decisions regarding promotions, raises, and development opportunities based on consistent performance evaluations.

The other methods listed in the question, such as Paired Comparisons, Central Tendency, and Rating Scales, involve different techniques for evaluating employee performance. Paired Comparisons evaluate each employee against another, Central Tendency tends to lean towards average ratings without distinguishing high or low performers effectively, and Rating Scales provide a more subjective way to assess performance based on specific criteria. However, it is the Forced Distribution method that specifically highlights the contrast between high and low performers.