According to "Theory X," what is the conventional view of people's attitude toward work?

In "Theory X," the conventional view posits that people inherently dislike work and will avoid it whenever possible. This perspective suggests that individuals generally prefer security and stability over the challenges of engaging in work. As a result, management must employ coercive measures and offer external rewards to motivate employees to fulfill their job obligations.

This view contrasts with theories that highlight intrinsic motivation or the enjoyment and fulfillment found in work, which are encapsulated in other options. For instance, the belief that people derive satisfaction from their jobs or enjoy work when involved in decision-making reflects contrasting theories that see individuals as more self-motivated and engaged. Therefore, the emphasis in Theory X is firmly on a more pessimistic outlook on human motivation in the workplace, aligning with the choice that states people seek security and prefer to avoid work.